Question 1

What are the basic data types in C?

Accepted Answer

The basic data types in C are:
int (integer): Used to store integers (whole numbers).
char (character): Used to store single characters.
float (floating point): Used to store decimal numbers with single precision.
double (double floating point): Used to store decimal numbers with double precision.
void: Represents the absence of a type or no value.

Question 2

What are derived data types in C?

Accepted Answer

Derived data types are constructed from the basic data types. Examples include:
Arrays: Collection of elements of the same type.
Pointers: Variables that store the memory address of another variable.
Structures (struct): User-defined data type that allows grouping variables of different types.
Unions (union): Similar to structures but shares the same memory location for all its members.
Enumerations (enum): User-defined data type consisting of named integer constants.

Question 3

What is the difference between float and double?

Accepted Answer

float represents single-precision floating-point numbers (typically 4 bytes), whereas double represents double-precision floating-point numbers (typically 8 bytes). double can represent a larger range of values with more precision compared to float.

Question 4

What are short, long, signed, and unsigned qualifiers?

Accepted Answer

short and long are used to define the size of an integer data type. short usually takes 2 bytes, while long can take 4 or 8 bytes.
signed and unsigned qualifiers define whether a data type can store negative values or only positive values and zero. An unsigned int can store larger positive numbers than a signed int of the same size.

Question 5

What is the size of int, char, float, and double in C?

Accepted Answer

The size of data types can vary depending on the system and compiler, but typically:
int: 4 bytes
char: 1 byte
float: 4 bytes
double: 8 bytes
To get the exact size on your system, you can use the sizeof() operator in C.

Question 6

How does a struct differ from a union?

Accepted Answer

struct allows the grouping of variables of different types under a single name. Each member in a struct has its own storage location.
union also allows the grouping of variables of different types, but all members share the same memory location, meaning the size of a union is equal to the size of its largest member.

Question 7

What is the void data type used for?

Accepted Answer

The void data type is used to specify that a function does not return a value or that a pointer has no specific type. For example, void is used in the declaration of functions that perform an operation but do not return any value.

Question 8

Can we use bool data type in C?

Accepted Answer

The bool data type is not a standard type in C (before C99). However, C99 introduced _Bool as a standard boolean type. To use bool in C, include the header , which defines bool as an alias for _Bool.

Question 9

What is a pointer data type in C?

Accepted Answer

A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. Pointers are declared using the * operator. For example, int *ptr; declares a pointer to an integer.

Question 10

What is the significance of sizeof() operator?

Accepted Answer

The sizeof() operator is used to determine the size, in bytes, of a data type or variable. It is useful for memory allocation and for understanding the architecture-dependent sizes of types.

Question 11

What is the range of char data type in C?

Accepted Answer

The range of char depends on whether it is signed or unsigned:
Signed char: -128 to 127
Unsigned char: 0 to 255

Question 12

What is a volatile keyword in C?

Accepted Answer

The volatile keyword is used to tell the compiler that a variable's value may change at any time, without any action being taken by the code the compiler finds nearby. It is commonly used in embedded systems and hardware-level programming.

Question 13

What is the difference between const and volatile?

Accepted Answer

const is used to make a variable's value constant, meaning it cannot be modified after initialization. volatile, on the other hand, indicates that a variable's value may change unexpectedly, preventing the compiler from optimizing code that accesses it.

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